Common Contact Allergens: A Practical Guide to Detecting Contact Dermatitis

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How to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis, perform and interpret patch tests, and select the best treatment options

Written for a broad range of dermatologic professionals, Common Contact Allergens is a straightforward and useful guide that bridges the gap between detailed reference texts and basic handbooks on contact allergy, making it an ideal addition to general dermatology practices for practical use in the office.

The first section of the book leads practitioners through the steps necessary to effectively and accurately perform patch testing. This covers basic immunological knowledge, various ways in which contact allergy can present, patch test techniques, and how to diagnose allergic contact dermatitis. Giving attention to all standard allergens, the second section offers an overview of the current literature on each, with detailed analysis on determining the clinical relevance of a positive patch test reaction. This convenient companion:
- Offers universally applicable guidance on when and how to perform patch testing, as well as how to interpret test reactions and arrive at accurate diagnoses
- Characterizes allergens from the Standard ‘Baseline’ Series, the International Series, and the T.R.U.E. Test Series
- Profiles allergens such as metals, fragrances, medicaments, rubber chemicals, plant chemicals, hair and clothing dyes, excipients, and resins
- Contains case reports, clinical images, patch test tips, and more
- Features color-coded exposure templates for easy consultation
- Provides key pointers on how to take patient histories and handle challenging cases
- Introduces new concepts such as ‘microhistory’ and ‘microexamination’
- Allows access to online supplementary material featuring CAS numbers, toxicology, immunology, prevalence rates, chemical structures, additional case reports, and more
Common Contact Allergens is a valuable reference tool for trainee and practicing general dermatologists, dermatology nurses, occupational health physicians, allergists, and other medical professionals with an interest in dermatology.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR

JOHN MCFADDEN, Consultant Dermatologist, Department of Cutaneous Allergy, St John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College, Guy’s Hospital, London, UK.

PAILIN PUANGPET, Consultant Dermatologist, Occupational and Contact Dermatitis Clinic, Institute of Dermatology, Bangkok, Thailand.

KORBKARN PONGPAIROJ, Consultant Dermatologist, Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University and King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.

SUPITCHAYA THAIWAT, Consultant Dermatologist, Contact Dermatitis Clinic, Division of Dermatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Phramongkutklao Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand.

LEE SHAN XIAN, Consultant Dermatologist, Department of Dermatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Contributors ix

Preface xi

About the Companion Website xiii

Section 1: Methodology 1

1 Immunology of Allergic Contact Dermatitis 3

2 Patch Test Technique 5

3 The Detective’s Guide to Contact Dermatitis 15

4 History, Microhistory, and Sources of Contact Allergen Exposure 23

5 Microexamination 55

6 Setting up a Patch Test Practice 89

7 The Role of Providers of Patch Test Products 93

Section 2: Non‐Allergic Dermatoses 99

8 Elimination or Inclusion of Non‐Allergic Skin Diseases 101

9 Irritant Contact Dermatitis 123

Section 3: Common Contact Allergens 127

Metals 129

10 Nickel 129

11 Cobalt 145

12 Chromate 151

13 Gold 161

Fragrances 167

14 Fragrances Incorporating Fragrance Mix 1, Fragrance Mix 2, Hydroxyisoheyl 3‐cyclohexene Carboxaldehyde, Limonene, and Linalool 167

Preservatives 181

15 Formaldehyde 181

16 Quaternium‐15 187

17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea 191

18 2‐Bromo‐2‐nitropropane‐1,3‐diol 197

19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylisothiazolinone 201

20 Methylisothiazolinone 205

21 Parabens 211

Dyes 217

22 para‐Phenylenediamine 217

23 Disperse Blue 106 227

Rubber 233

24 Rubber: Mercaptobenzothiazole, Mercapto Mix, Thiurams, Carbamates, Thioureas, N Isopropyl‐N’‐Phenyl‐pphenylenediamine 233

Resins 245

25 Colophonium 245

26 Epoxy Resin 255

27 Tosylamide Formaldehyde Resin 263

28 para‐Tertiary‐Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin 267

Plants 273

29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix 273

30 Primin 281

Medicaments 287

31 Neomycin 287

32 Clioquinol 293

33 Benzocaine 297

34 Tixocortol‐21‐pivalate Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17‐butyrate 303

Others 311

35 Lanolin 311

36 Cetearyl Alcohol 317

Index 321

E-Supplements

10 Nickel

11 Cobalt

12 Chromate

14 Fragrances

15 Formaldehyde

16 Quaternium 15

17 Diazolidinyl Urea and Imidazolidinyl Urea

19 Methylchloroisothiazolinone/Methylsiothiazolinone

20 Methylisothiazolinone

21 Parabens

22 para-Phenylenediamine

24 Rubber

25 Colophonium

26 Epoxy Resin

28 4-tert-Butylphenol Formaldehyde Resin

29 Sesquiterpene Lactone Mix and Compositae Mix

30 Primin

31 Neomycin

32 Clioquinol

33 Benzocaine

34 Corticosteroids: Tixocortol-21-pivalate, Budesonide, and Hydrocortisone 17-butyrate

35 Lanolin

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Common Contact Allergens: A Practical Guide to Detecting Contact Dermatitis

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